JULIAN DARIO
pectoral region Guasco LOAIZA
CODE: 1094898622
pectoral region is external to the anterior chest wall and anchor the upper limb to the trunk. It consists of:
• A superficial compartment that contains the skin, superficial fascia and breast
• A deep compartment that contains muscles and associated structures
nerves, and lymphatic vessels emerge superficial compartment of the chest wall, the axial and neck
MAMA Breasts are made up of mammary glands and skin tissue associated glands mammary glands are modified sweat glands that are located on the superficial fascia, anterior to the pectoral muscles and anterior chest wall.
mammary glands consist of a series of ducts and associated secretotios wolves. These converge to form 15 to 20 or lactiferous lactiferous ducts, which flow independently in the nipple. The nipple is surrounded by a pigmented area of \u200b\u200bskin called the areola. Pectoralis major
MUSCLES:
The pectoralis major muscle, large fan-shaped covers the upper chest and has a head and a sternal clavicular. The latter is much larger and its lateral edge of muscle mass that justifies almost any the anterior wall of the axilla, the bottom represents the anterior axillary fold. The pectoralis major muscle and the deltoid muscle forms a thin adjacent deltopectoral groove, where it circulates the cephalic vein, but differ slightly on top, along with the clavicle, given the deltopectoral triangle. The greater pectoral muscle arm a powerful adductor and medial rotator of the humerus. The two portions of the pectoralis major muscle can act independently: the clavicular head flexes the humerus and extends it sternoclavicular. To explore the clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle is separated from the arm 90 degrees and asks the subject to move the arm forward, opposing to the browser resistance. If the action of muscle is normal to be seen and felt the clavicular head. To explore the head Sternal pectoralis major muscle lifts the arm 60 degrees and then approaches against resistance. If the action will look and feel normal head sternocostal. Insertion
proximal clavicular
· Head: anterior medial half of the clavicle.
· Head sternocostal: front of the sternum, six costal cartilages and aponeurosis of m.
external oblique distal insertion: lateral lip of the groove of the humerus intertubercular
Innervation: N. pectoral lateral and medial clavicular head (C5 and C6), head sternocostal (C7, C8, T1) Pectoralis minor
is located in the anterior wall of the axilla, mostly covered by the pectoralis major muscle in higher dimensions. The pectoralis minor muscle is triangular, its base (proximal attachment) consists of a fleshy strips that are inserted into the forelimbs of the third and fifth ribs near the costal cartilages, the apex (distal insertion) lies in coracoid process of the scapula. Variations in the costal insertions of muscles often occur. The pectoralis minor muscle stabilizes the scapula and is used when extending the arm forward to touch an object that is almost within reach. The pectoralis minor muscle also helps elevate the ribs to deep inspiration when it is fixed or high girdle. The pectoralis minor muscle is a valuable reference and surgical anatomy of the axillary structures. Along with the coracoid process, pectoralis minor is a bridge, under which the vessels and nerves traversing the arm. Proximal insertion
: 3 and 5 ribs near the costal cartilages
distal insertion: medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
Innervation: N. medial pectoral (C8 and T1)
Subclavius \u200b\u200b
is situated in a nearly horizontal plane when the arm is in anatomical position. This muscle, small and round, is located under the collarbone and gives some protection to the subclavian artery when that breaks. It also can prevent irregular ends of the clavicle fractured adversely affects the underlying subclavian vessels and brachial plexus upper trunk. The subclavian muscle depressed anchor and stabilize the clavicle during movements of the upper limb. Also, avoid the tendency of the dislocated clavicle at the sternoclavicular joint, for example in games with rope. Insertion
proximal binding of 1 rib with costal cartilage distal insertion
: dropping the middle third of the clavicle
Nerve: nerve to the m. subclavian (C5 and C6) Serratus anterior
covers the side of the chest and forms the medial wall of the axilla. The name of this broad sheet of muscle bulk is due to the sawtooth aspect of his films or fleshy fingerings. The muscle strips are directed back and then medially to converge to the full extent of the anterior medial edge of the scapula, inferior angle included. The serratus anterior muscle, one of the most powerful muscles of the shoulder girdle, is a robust extension of the scapula, which is used for punching or reach an object in front. Its lower portion, powerful rotates the scapula and glenoid rises so that the arm can be lifted above the shoulder. The serratus anterior muscle supports the scapula against the chest wall when doing push-ups with the forearms or pushing a heavy object. Insertion
proximal outer face of the side portions 1 to 8 ribs
distal insertion: anterior medial border of the scapula
Innervation: N. long thoracic (C5, C6 and C7)
FASCIA:
The fascia of the pectoral region was inserted into his collarbone and sternum. The pectoral fascia enveloping the pectoral muscle and is continuous below with the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall. The pectoral fascia leaves the lateral edge pectoralis major muscle, becoming the axillary fascia that forms the floor of the axilla. A layer of fascia, the fascia clavipectoral extends from the axillary fascia, involving the pectoralis minor and subclavian to finally inserted in the collarbone. The portion of the fascia clavipectoral, just above the pectoralis minor muscle (costocoraciodes membrane) is perforated by the lateral pectoral nerve supplies, especially the pectoralis major muscle. The part of the fascia clavipectoral beneath the pectoralis minor muscle (suspensory ligament of the axilla) supports the axillary fascia and pulling up on the skin and overlain for the separation of the arm, creating the armpit.
ARTERIES 1. Perforating branches of internal thoracic.
2. Lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal.
3. Thoracic lateral branch of the axillary.
4. Thoraco-acromial branch of the axillary.
Perforator:
· Branches of internal thoracic.
· They are divided into medial and lateral branch.
· The last branches of the third, fourth and fifth piercing enlarged in women and supplying mammary gland.
lateral cutaneous branches:
· They are branches of the intercostal.
· emerge between the serratus anterior muscle fascicles.
• Also supplying mammary gland.
lateral thoracic artery:
· It has a variable origin. Usually arises as a second branch of the second part of the axillary artery and descends in the lateral border of pectoralis minor muscle, but can also arise from the thoraco-acromial artery, suprascapular and subscapular.
• The lateral thoracic artery supplies the pectoral muscles, axillary lymph nodes and the breast is a major source of vascularization to the side of the female mammary artery thoraco-acromial
:
crosses clavipectoral fascia and divides into 4 branches:
· Pectoral: for major and minor pectoral muscles.
· Acromial: go sideways in a plane superficial to the coracoid process to achieve the acromion.
· Clavicular: incurva is medially to supply the subclavian muscle and the sternoclavicular joint.
· deltoid: it originates from another branch, attached to the cephalic vein and supplies the pectoralis major and deltoid. VEINS
The cephalic no accompanying artery, drains the superficial portions of the arm and gets in the groove between the deltoid and the pectoralis major, and enters the deltopectoral triangle, where it passes through the fascia clavipectoral (costocoracoides membrane) to join the axillary vein. NODES
pectoral group of axillary lymph node consists of three to five lymph nodes, located along the medial wall of the axilla, around the lateral thoracic vein and the inferior border of pectoralis minor muscle. Pectoral group of nodes receives lymph especially the anterior chest wall, including the mammary gland. Efferent lymphatic vessels of these glands reach the central and apical groups of axillary nodes. efferent vessels of the apical group of lymph nodes are coupled in the subclavian trunk, which may in turn join the jugular trunks broncomediastinico the right side to give the right lymphatic duct. On the left side, subclavian trunk usually binds to the thoracic duct. NERVES
1. Anterior and lateral cutaneous
2. Thoracic
greater or longer 3. ; lateral pectoral
4. Pectoral
medial cutaneous nerves:
are intercostal nerve terminal branches are divided into anterior and posterior branches more or
Chest Length: Join
thoracic artery side originates from branches of the brachial plexus and is directed onto the surface of the serratus anterior which it supplies. Lateral pectoral
:
It originates from the trunk or lateral cord of brachial plexus and advances on the chest, crosses the clavipectoral fascia and enters the clavicular portion of pectoralis major muscle. Medial pectoral
:
It originates from the medial trunk of the brachial plexus and enters the chest but remains deep to the fascia clavipectoral and the pectoralis minor muscle, crosses and supplies and reaches the deep surface of Sternal and abdominal portions of the pectoralis major. There may be more than one branch of this nerve.
0 comments:
Post a Comment