PRESENTADO POR
ANA MARIA JURADO ARISTIZABAL
1094901881
PRESENTADO A
DOCTOR JOSE DELCARMEN RUIZ
UNIVERSIDAD DEL QUINDIO
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD
PROGRAMA MEDICINA
ARMENIA 2010
RIÑONES
Los riñones son órganos que forman parte del sistema urinario que esta destinado a la eliminación del plasma sanguíneo de los productos finales del metabolismo, to maintain acid base homeostasis and the volume of water in the body.
bulky kidneys are glands located in the retroperitoneal space, usually two, the right and left. On each side of the spine, at the height of the last two thoracic and two or three first lumbar. Each kidney has a convex anterior surface, a flat rear face, a concave inner edge notched the hilus, another very convex outer edge and two poles or limbs, one upper and one lower. The left kidney is slightly more bulky than the right kidney, and the latter is a bit more down than the left. On average, each kidney measuring 12 cm long by 6 cm wide and 3 cm thick, weighing about 120-170 g.
The vertical axis of the kidney is slightly oblique from top to bottom and inside out, so that its upper end is coming closer to the midline and the lower leaves.
Each kidney is composed of a peripheral fibrous capsule called the renal capsule, which lines the side of the body surface, and the hilar folds to drape the walls of the womb and continue in the adventitia of the excretory cavities of the vessels .
The kidney is located inside a cell celuloadiposa: renal cell (fibrous capsule), located ahead of the rear wall of the abdominal cavity outside the eminence of the spine and the psoas, behind the posterior parietal peritoneum. This cell extends from the 11th rib to the iliac crest and occupies the entire upper retroperitoneal space. The renal cell is limited by the perirenal fascia. And it includes two sheets: one sheet and a previous or prerenal sheet or retrorrenal.
prerenal sheet: it is thin and loose, is fixed above the diaphragm inward will join the adventitia of renal pedicure items and joins with the rear blade. Out the sheet, previous hosts becomes thicker and also binds the backing sheet, and below, it joins thus closing the rear blade down the renal cell and lost in the iliac fascia.
The posterior: it is much thicker and durable, above is inserted with the anterior on the diaphragm, the back lining of the kidney and binds on the outside and down to the previous page, for completely closed within the renal cell .
Inside this cell, the kidney is separated from the walls by a very fluid fat, perirenal fat or adipose capsule of the kidney. This shows the maximum fat thickness along the outer edge and the lower end of the kidney.
RELATIONS:
In all relationships renal cell stands and perirenal fat it contains.
Post:
"With the back wall of the abdomen,
-The posterior of the kidney is separated from the parietal by a thin flat layer of pararenal fat where they are, from top to bottom, the last neurovascular bundle intercostal oblique
-way down and out two-abdominal nerves more inferiorly genital
femoral cutaneous nerve
But back above the 12 rib, the kidney is related to the vertical fibers of the diaphragm to bow out of the psoas Square and arch back.
Here pararenal fat communicates with the intrathoracic fascia costolumbar through the hiatus.
At a lower level are a close-shaped muscle from the outside in the quadratus lumborum and psoas. Previous
These are distinct from the right and left anterior
right kidney Relations:
- It relates directly to the underside of the liver on which the upper pole of the left kidney printing.
- At this point there may be a posterior parietal peritoneum adhesion to the peritoneum of the underside of the liver which is called Hepatorenal ligament.
- The adrenal gland is related to the descending part of duodenum near its medial edge through the fascia of Treitz.
- The right colic flexure is attached through the right Toldt fascia, and the upper branch mesocolon upper right colic vessels.
above the left kidney Relations:
- above the tail of the pancreas.
- Mas out with the inside of the spleen that is separated from the front of the kidney with posterior parietal peritoneum.
- Later the anterior kidney is separated by the bulldozers of the omentum from the greater curvature of stomach, omentum gastrosplenic and the left side of the gastrocolic ligament.
- Below the front of the left kidney is crossed by the left edge of the root of the mesocolon trasverso.
External relations:
Outside the outer edge of the kidney, the posterior parietal peritoneum covered that is both right and left paracolic space.
Internal relationships:
The inner edge corresponds to its highest point to the adrenal gland, the which the kidney is separated by the blade intersuprarrenorreal, expansion of the perirenal fascia renal cell raiser.
But this edge distance is related to the apophysis costoides of the first two lumbar vertebrae, the pillars of the diaphragm and a large prevertebral vessels.
The left kidney thus corresponds to the aorta, the right kidney to the inferior vena cava.
macroscopic kidney Composition:
The kidney parenchyma is composed of a membrane covered by a fibrous capsule form, between this and the renal fascia celuloadiposa there a sheet thicker behind than before the capsule is fat, whose function is to cushion the movement of the kidney in body movements.
When making a frontal cut in the renal parenchyma shows two zones: the cortex and medulla. The crust is characterized by yellow and appear dense while the bone presents a deep red color and is divided into pyramids. These pyramids are cortical columns that project to the medulla, and form renal columns interdigitate with cone-shaped formations and fluted in number from eight to eighteen and are called renal pyramids. The base of these pyramids is directed to the cortex and its apex toward the renal sinus.
The vertices of two to four pyramids converge to form the renal papillae. If more details can be seen cutting areas that extend radially clear conical base of the pyramids to the subcapsular area, this is called the radiata, and between these areas the cortical substance more dark, with dark red stippling of glomeruli , form the convolute.
Vessels and nerves of the kidney: renal artery
: born directly on the sides of the abdominal aorta at the level of L1-L2, ensures the vascularization of the kidney and the initial segment of the excretory and part of adrenal gland. Both arteries project to the respective renal hilum, the right being longer an initial course retrocaval, the two courses behind the homologous vein (renal vein). Each artery near the hilum is divided into five segmental arteries, which are end arteries, these segments are distributed:
The upper segment (apical) is perfused by the superior segmental artery, anterosuperior and anteroinferior segments receive blood from the segmental arteries anterior segmental anterior and inferior segment of the lower segmental artery. These arteries arise from the anterior branch of renal artery.
posterior segmental artery, which comes from an extension of the posterior branch of the renal artery, supplies the posterior segment of kidney.
renal veins: Multiple renal veins drain the kidney and bind in varying degrees to form the renal vein. The renal veins lie above the renal arteries, and left renal vein, longest, runs in front of the aorta. Each renal vein drains into the inferior vena cava.
kidney lymphatics: They are 2 or 3 logs placed around the renal vein.
-right side, past logs, prevent, are dumped in the lymph yuxtaaorticos right. The logs later retrovenosos are directed to the lymph retrocaval.
- left, the nodes of the left kidney was flushed in lymph yuxtaaorticos left.
kidney nerves: the nerves of the kidneys taken from the renal plexus and consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. The renal plexus is innervated by splanchnic nerve fibers.
kidney functions:
kidneys as the principal organs of the urinary system have different functions:
- maintenance of body volume (water and sodium)
- excretion metabolic wastes (creatinine, uric acid)
- excretion de sustancias exógenas (toxinas y medicamentos)
- Mantenimiento del equilibrio celular interno (HCO3, hidrogeniones, potasio)
- Producción de hormonas
- Producción de vitamina D, Renina.
- Gluconeogenesis
- Catabolismo de sustancias (insulina)
Bibliografia
Ives Chatain L. Anatomia macroscópica funcional y clínica. Editorial Addison – Wesley Iberoamericana. 1986
Douglas C
Eato, Phd. John P. Pooler, Phd. Vander renal physiology. Sixth Edition. Editorial Mc Graw Hill
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