KIDNEY The kidney is an organ that deal primarily with the removal of metabolic wastes from the body. It also affects a large number of functions for the body, which are most essential for life.
Among them are:
· Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance
· excretion of metabolic waste excretion
· of bioactive substances that affect bodily function.
· Regulation of blood pressure
· Regulation of output of electrolytes
· Regulation of the production of vitamin D
· ; Gluconeogenesis.
EMBRYOLOGY:
3.metanefros
2.mesonefros
1.pronefros
is an organ that is derived from intermediate mesoderm, it differs in the third week of development. In the uterus is made up of three overlapping systems of the kidney from cranial to caudal
emerge from thoracic and upper lumbar segments. Week 4:
· Glomerulus Bowman's Capsule
·
• In all renal corpuscle
· Conductivity mesonephric
Second Half Month:
· Crest urogenital
Week 4: 7-10 cell groups located in the cervical region:
· Units vestigial secretory
·
nefrotomas
Week 5: Kidney
definitive excretory units develop from the metanephric mesoderm.
emerge from thoracic and upper lumbar segments. Week 4:
· Glomerulus Bowman's Capsule
·
• In all renal corpuscle
· Conductivity mesonephric
Second Half Month:
· Crest urogenital
Week 4: 7-10 cell groups located in the cervical region:
· Vestigial secretory units
· nefrotomas
LOCATION:
The kidneys are located in the lateral retroperitoneal space. They have
; two sides: front and rear
Two tips: top and bottom edges
Two: notched medial the hilus and lateral is convex.
are situated laterally to the spine, at the height of the last two thoracic vertebrae and two or three first lumbar.
Its upper extremity is close to the midline and the lower leaves.
The right kidney is slightly further down than the left.
RELATIONS:
It found in front of the posterior abdominal wall, covered by posterior parietal peritoneum, involved in the renal fascia. Fascia
renal wing contains adrenal gland and kidney.
has two sheets: front and rear which are attached to the renal pedicle and surrounding tissue is vena cava and the aorta.
above are attached to the underside of the diaphragm and below are continuous with the sheath of the ureter.
This forms a solitary confinement cell that contains the kidney and adrenal gland.
· Kidney right: Anterior
with bare area of \u200b\u200bliver and adrenal gland near the upper limb
near medial edge of the fascia through retinente rostral to the descending part of duodenum
At its lower end to the right colic flexure.
His left side is covered by posterior parietal peritoneum extending from the visceral surface of the liver to the anterior kidney to form the hepatorenal ligament.
medial edge in the adrenal gland, renal pedicle, ureter and inferior vena cava.
Its visceral surface lateral edge of the liver and diaphragm.
· Kidney left:
on its front side near the upper end relates to the adrenal gland and pancreas, which crosses horizontally in the middle. Over the pancreas
relates to the stomach by the omental pouch and the renal side of the spleen.
below the pancreas is related to the transverse mesocolon, left colic flexure, descending mesocolon.
Its medial border with the adrenal gland, the renal pedicle, ureter, duodenojejunal flexure, abdominal aorta.
Its lateral edge is related to spleen, descending colon, transverse diaphragm muscle. Later the two kidneys
has two parts which relate to the following:
Lumbar Related
psoas muscle and transversus abdominis, while these are covered by the erector spine, internal oblique, latissimus dorsi and external oblique. Laterally
kidney are projected on the surface lumbocostoabdominal quad. Diaphragmatic
: Related
diaphragm and arcuate ligaments, with subpleural tissue through vertebrocostal trine.
behind the diaphragm with pleural recess costodiaphragmatic, going down to the intervertebral disc LI T XII and the last two ribs.
fascia plane is separated from the pararenal fat muscle, where it crosses the subcostal nerve is slightly below the 12 ribs and a little below the hiliohipogástrico.
GLASS:
renal artery irrigate the two kidneys, which are projected toward the hilum. Being longer right. These go behind the homologous vein.
On its way it transmits the inferior adrenal artery and ureter.
Before reaching the hilus branches into anterior and posterior branches.
The anterior branch provides upper branches above are upper and lower parenchyma ranging ahead of the upper and middle calyces.
The posterior branch is divided into several branches to supply the posterior parenchyma.
renal vein receives two to three trunks that join at the hilum
NODES:
born subcapsular network that anastomoses with the network subperitoneal capsular and therefore the nodes in the testis, ovary, ureter and liver. His lymph nodes passes hilum and then to the lumbar nodes.
INNERVATION:
sympathetic fibers from the lower spinal thoracic segments and two upper lumbar, are involved in the formation of asplácnicos nerves which are involved in the celiac plexus, renal plexus are going to innervate the smooth muscle of glomerular arterioles and the juxtaglomerular apparatus by vasoconstriction.
parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerve. Enter the spinal cord the same way that the sympathetic fibers
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